Education and training:
• 1998 - Professor of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki
• 1987 - Associate Professor of neurosurgery, University of Kuopio
• 1979 - Specialized neurosurgeon
• 1979 - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), University of Helsinki
• 1973 - Licensed physician in Switzerland, in Finland, and in North America (ECFMG certification)
• 1973 - Doctor of Medicine (MD), University of Zürich

Visits and study periods at Neurosurgery Departments world-wide:
• University of Frankfurt, Germany (Prof. Seifert, Prof. Raabe), 2004
• University of Padua, Italy (Prof. Scienza, Prof. Pavesi), 2003
• University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (Prof. Tulleken), 2002
• University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR, USA (Prof. Yasargil, Prof. Al Mefty, Prof. Khrist), 2001
• University of Mainz, Germnay (Prof. Perneczky), 1998
• University of Zürich; Switzerland (Prof. Yonekawa), 1997
• University of Miami, FL, USA (Prof. Peerless, Prof. Drake, Prof. Rosomoff, Prof. Green), 1992 - 1993
• University of Zürich, Switzerland (Prof. Yasargil), 1992
• Hospital Notre Dame, Montreal, Canada (Prof. Bertrand), 1991
• Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary (Prof. Nyáry, Prof. Vajda), 1991
• Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London, Canada (Prof. Peerless, Prof. Drake), 1989
• The National Hospital, London, UK (Prof. Symon, Prof. Crockard), 1988
• Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary (Prof. Pásztor), 1984
• University of Zürich, Switzerland (Prof. Yasargil), 1982
• University of Bucharest, Romania (Prof. Arseni), 1978

• 1997 - date Chairman, Neurosurgery Department, University of Helsinki
• 1993 - 1997 Senior Physician, Section Head, Neurosurgery Department, University of Kuopio
• 1992 - 1993 Research and Teaching Fellow, Neurosurgery Department, University of Miami
• 1991 - 1992 Chief Physician, Neurosurgery Department, University of Kuopio
• 1983 - 1991 Assistant Senior Physician, Neurosurgery Department, University of Kuopio
• 1979 - 1983 Specialist and Assistant Senior Physician and Senior Physician in three neurosurgical departments (Helsinki, Kuopio and Uppsala), total 46 months


Personal neurosurgical operative experience:
> 12,000 operations including:

• cerebral aneurysm > 4,000 patients (Helsinki Neurosurgery Department institutional experience > 12,000 patients)
• intracranial AVM and DAVF > 500 patients (Helsinki Neurosurgery Department institutional experience > 1,000 patients)
• brain tumor > 3,000 patients
• head injury > 600 patients
• cervical > 800 patients
• lumbar > 300 patients
• spinal tumor > 200 patients

Memberships in professional societies:
• from 2006 - German Academy of Neurosurgeons
• from 2004 - Founding member of World Academy of Neurological Surgeons (WANS)
• from 1975 - Scandinavian Neurosurgical Society
• from 1975 - European Associtation of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS)
                      from 2001 - Member of EANS teaching courses for residents
• from 1975 - Brain Research Society in Finland
• from 1975 - Finnish Neurological Society
• from 1974 - Finnish Neurosurgical Society
                     1991-93 President
                     1987-91 Vicepresident
                     1980-82 Secretary
• from 1973 - Duodecim (Finnish College of Physicians)


Memberships in scientific advisory boards:
• 1999 - date Member of International Advisory Board, Neurosurgery
• 1999 - 2008 Member of International Advisory Board, Surgical Neurology
• 2008 - date Associate Editor, Surgical Neurology
• 2002 - date Member of International Advisory Board, Zentralblatt für Neurochirurgie


OTHER ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES:
• Supervisor for 4 doctoral dissertations
• Co-supervisor for 5 doctoral dissertations
• Reviewer for doctoral dissertation 2 times

• General Secretary for 2 International Congresses: 40th Annual Meeting of the Scandinavian Neurosurgical Society, Kuopio 1989 and EANS Winter Meeting Kuopio, Finland, 1994